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Nowadays, there are several chronic and critical diseases in infants and children which cannot be cured by medication. As a result, umbilical cord blood stem cells are used as one of the treatment options for some life-threatening diseases. Therefore, cord blood banking is one way to help fellow human beings who may be in need of a stem cell transplant in the future.

Payao Poontarat, the first Thai Olympic hero with a bronze medal in the light flyweight, has undergone stem cell transplantation and benefited from the treatment before, though he later on died from complications of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). This is one of the interesting stories showing the major development of stem cell therapy and its potentials for treating diseases in Thailand.

The first clinical trial utilizing MSCs derived from the patient’s bone marrow was conducted in 1995 (Lazarus.,1995). MSCs was infused into the blood stream of the patient recovering from bone marrow transplantation to enhance blood flow recovery. Since then, MSCs have been applied more for therapeutic use. According to the public clinical trials database at http://clinicaltrials.gov (2020), it shows that MSCs have been widely applied in clinics as a treatment for numerous degenerative disorders. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted to test the feasibility and efficacy of MSC-based therapy ranging from evaluating the safety of MSCs (Phase 1), increasing the number of patients tested (Phase 2), and confirming the successful trials on large groups of the patients (Phase 3). As shown in Figure 1, more clinical trials using MSCs for Neurological, Joint, and Cardiovascular diseases are being conducted than other diseases.

Stem cell therapy generally aims to replace or repair damaged or diseased cells within the body and to restore organ function. All vital organs begin to lose some function as you age during adulthood or complications sometimes cause damaged cells in the certain organ. As a result, stem cell therapy becomes one of the treatment options for various diseases including heart diseases.

According to the Ministry of Public Health statistics in 2018, blood and blood-forming organs diseases and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism were Thailand’s 10th leading cause of death and the mortality rate of these diseases increases every year. In 2014, the mortality rate from the blood diseases was only 1.1%, whereas it had increased to 1.7% in 2018.