Cervical Cancer Screening: More Important Than You Think

According to statistics, Thai women die from cervical cancer at a rate of 14 per day. In reality, this disease is treatable if abnormalities are detected before they advance to a severe stage. Today, we provide information about “cervical cancer screening” that every woman should know.

 

What is a Pelvic Examination?

A pelvic examination, also known as a "per vaginal examination" (PV), is a procedure where the doctor uses a tool called a speculum to examine the internal organs in the pelvic area. The doctor will also use their hands to further assess any abnormalities.

 

Cervical Cancer Screening

Cervical cancer screening is a method for detecting abnormalities that could indicate pre-cancerous conditions or cervical cancer that is not visible to the naked eye. The commonly used screening methods are:

        1. Conventional Pap Smear: This involves using a brush to collect cell samples and apply them directly onto a glass slide.

      2.Thin Layer Pap Smear: This involves collecting all the cells from the cervical area using a spatula and placing them into a vial with a preservative solution.

The conventional Pap smear can detect abnormalities in the cervix with an accuracy of 50-60%. In contrast, the thin layer Pap smear can detect abnormalities with an accuracy of 70-80%. Additionally, the thin layer method allows for HPV (Human Papillomavirus) testing, which, when combined with the thin layer Pap smear, can achieve nearly 100% detection of cervical abnormalities.

 

Preparing for a Pelvic Examination

   - Avoid sexual intercourse for 2 days before the examination.

  - Avoid scheduling the exam during your menstrual period. Do not use vaginal medications or douches before the exam.

Steps Before the Examination

   - The doctor will take a medical history, including any abnormal vaginal bleeding, discharge, birth history, menstrual cycle, and contraceptive use.

   - You should empty your bladder beforehand, as a full bladder can make it difficult for the doctor to palpate the pelvic organs clearly.

   - Change into a provided gown and remove your underwear.

   - Lie on the examination table with stirrups and spread your legs to facilitate the examination.

   - The doctor will first use gloves and inform you that they will use a speculum for the examination, followed by a manual examination.

 

When to Have a Pelvic Examination

   - All sexually active women with good health should have a pelvic examination annually.

   - If you experience abnormal vaginal bleeding or irregular periods.

   - If you have acute or chronic pelvic pain.

   - If you notice abnormal discharge.

   - If you feel a lump in your lower abdomen.

   - If you have bloating, abdominal discomfort, or unexplained weight loss.

 

Source: Phyathai Hospital

Source: Arokago Health Library website.