Oral cancer can manifest in various ways, and it is crucial to be vigilant about the following symptoms: 

- Mouth Ulcers: Persistent ulcers with red (erythroplakia), white (leukoplakia), or red-white (erythroleukoplakia) lesions, particularly those with hard edges. 

- Lumpy Wounds: Lesions that resemble canker sores but do not improve within 2-3 weeks. These can develop into larger, swollen wounds that may cause a sensation of a lump in the throat, making it difficult to swallow or chew food. 

- Numbness or Pain: Unexplained numbness, pain, or bleeding in the mouth. 

- Advanced Cases: In instances where the cancer has spread to bones and muscles, the lesion may become fixed to underlying organs, and there could be swollen lymph nodes. 

Dr. Sumana Posritong, Director of the Institute of Dentistry at the Department of Medical Services, Thailand outlines the recommended screening protocols based on patient characteristics: 

- Group 1: Patients under 40 years old with no visible lesions and no risk factors (such as smoking or alcohol use) should undergo annual oral cancer screenings. 

- Group 2: Patients aged 40 years and over, or those with risk factors such as smoking, regular alcohol consumption, betel chewing, or a history of HPV infection, should be screened every 6 months. 

- Group 3: Patients with red and/or white lesions or chronic ulcers persisting for more than 2 weeks after the cause has been addressed should have a biopsy. If the biopsy is normal, follow-up screenings should be done every 3 months. 

Although there is no definitive method to prevent oral cancer, reducing risk factors can significantly lower the chances of developing the disease. Key prevention measures include: 

- Avoiding Tobacco and Alcohol: Refrain from smoking, chewing tobacco, betel, and drinking alcohol. 

- Maintaining Oral Hygiene: Practice good oral hygiene and ensure dentures, if worn, do not cause chronic irritation in the mouth. 

- Regular Check-Ups: Schedule oral and dental check-ups every 6 months to monitor any changes or abnormalities. If you notice any unusual symptoms, seek immediate examination by a dentist at a dental institute, hospital, or nearby clinic. 

Early detection and timely treatment are critical in managing oral cancer. If you experience a lumpy wound or persistent ulcer that does not heal within 2-3 weeks, consult a healthcare professional immediately. 

 

Source: [Thai Health Promotion Foundation]   

              [ArokaGO Health Library]