(PESA / TESE) Direct Sperm Retrieval from the Testis for ICSI Treatment

PESA / TESE

Direct Sperm Retrieval from the Testis for ICSI Treatment

Smile IVF Clinic

Male infertility can sometimes occur when sperm cannot be found in the ejaculated semen or when sperm production or sperm delivery is severely affected. In some cases, even when sperm are not present in the semen, sperm may still be found directly from the epididymis or testicular tissue.

At Smile IVF Clinic, we provide sperm retrieval procedures such as PESA and TESE for selected male infertility cases. Retrieved sperm may then be used with ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection), an advanced fertilization technique in which a single sperm is injected directly into an egg to help create embryos for transfer into the uterus.

 

What Are PESA and TESE?

 

PESA/TESE are procedures used to collect sperm directly from the male reproductive system when sperm cannot be obtained adequately through ejaculation.

These procedures may be recommended in cases where male infertility is related to sperm production, sperm transport, or ejaculation problems, such as:

• No sperm found in the semen

• Very low sperm count

• Blockage of the sperm ducts

• Congenital absence or abnormality of the sperm duct

• Difficulty or inability to ejaculate

• Previous vasectomy or reproductive tract obstruction

• Having only one testis

• Other male fertility conditions assessed by a specialist

The collected sperm can be examined and prepared for use in ICSI treatment.

 

PESA: Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration

 

PESA is a sperm retrieval technique in which a small needle is inserted through the scrotal skin to collect fluid from the epididymis, where sperm are stored.

The collected fluid is then examined in the laboratory to check whether sperm are present and to assess sperm quality before using them in fertility treatment.

PESA is usually a minimally invasive procedure and may take approximately 10–20 minutes. It can be performed under local anesthesia or sedation, depending on the patient’s condition and the doctor’s recommendation. After the procedure, patients usually rest for a short period and may return home on the same day.

 

TESE: Testicular Sperm Extraction

 

TESE is a sperm retrieval procedure in which a small piece of testicular tissue is collected directly from the testis. The tissue is then examined in the laboratory to search for sperm.

TESE may be recommended when sperm cannot be found through PESA or when the doctor considers that sperm retrieval from testicular tissue may be more appropriate.

This procedure is usually performed under anesthesia or sedation. Some discomfort may occur after the procedure, but it generally improves within a few days. The doctor will provide instructions for post-procedure care and recovery.

 

How PESA/TESE Supports ICSI Treatment

 

When only a small number of sperm are available, conventional fertilization methods may not be suitable. In such cases, ICSI is often recommended.

With ICSI, the embryologist selects a suitable sperm and injects it directly into an egg under a microscope. If fertilization occurs successfully, the embryo is cultured in the laboratory before being transferred into the uterus.

This approach can help couples with significant male infertility factors have a chance of pregnancy, even when sperm are difficult to obtain through ejaculation.

 

Who May Benefit from PESA/TESE?

 

PESA or TESE may be suitable for men with:

• Azoospermia, or no sperm found in the semen

• Obstructive azoospermia, such as blockage in the sperm ducts

• Severe low sperm count

• Ejaculation disorders

• Previous vasectomy

• Congenital reproductive tract abnormalities

• Certain testicular conditions affecting sperm release

• Male infertility requiring sperm retrieval for ICSI

A fertility specialist will evaluate each case through medical history, semen analysis, physical examination, hormone testing, ultrasound, or other investigations before recommending the most appropriate method.

 

Possible Risks and Side Effects

 

PESA and TESE are generally safe procedures when performed by experienced medical professionals. However, as with any medical procedure, some risks may occur.

Possible side effects may include:

• Mild pain or discomfort

• Swelling or bruising

• Bleeding

• Infection

• Temporary discomfort from anesthesia or sedation

Serious complications are uncommon. The medical team will provide proper care instructions to reduce risks and support recovery.

 

Why Early Consultation Matters

 

Male infertility should be evaluated early, especially when there is a known sperm issue or when pregnancy has not occurred after trying for a period of time. Delaying treatment may reduce the overall chance of success, especially when the female partner’s age increases over time.

With today’s reproductive technology, many cases that were once considered very difficult can now be supported through sperm retrieval and ICSI. Even when sperm are very limited, the fertility team may be able to retrieve and use them for treatment.

 

PESA/TESE at Smile IVF Clinic

 

Smile IVF Clinic provides comprehensive fertility care for couples facing male infertility challenges. Our team offers consultation, investigation, sperm retrieval procedures, laboratory sperm assessment, and ICSI treatment planning in one coordinated fertility care pathway.

With experienced fertility specialists, trained laboratory professionals, and modern reproductive technology, Smile IVF Clinic is committed to helping couples understand their options and move forward with confidence on their journey toward having a child.

Smile IVF Clinic offers PESA and TESE procedures for sperm retrieval in male infertility cases. These services aid in ICSI treatment by collecting sperm directly from the epididymis or testicular tissue. The clinic provides comprehensive care, including consultation, assessment, and treatment planning.