Alzheimer's Disease: Early Detection and Treatment Can Slow Progression

What Causes Alzheimer's Disease?

Alzheimer's disease is caused by the abnormal accumulation of two proteins, amyloid and tau, in the brain. When these proteins build up, brain cells die, leading to a gradual reduction in brain volume. As more brain cells die, cognitive abilities deteriorate, ultimately resulting in dementia.

Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease

Early symptoms often include memory loss, noticed by family or close friends. Patients may forget words or recent events and might repeat questions or stories. Over time, they experience decreased concentration, reduced decision-making ability, language difficulties, disorientation, and social withdrawal. Some patients may also exhibit mood or behavioral changes, such as irritability, depression, or delusional thinking.

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Diagnosis involves five primary methods:

     1. Detailed interview with the patient and family regarding symptom changes.

     2.Neurological physical examination.

     3.Cognitive ability testing.

     4.Blood tests to identify potential causes of dementia.

     5.Brain imaging, with MRI recommended for detailed analysis.

These tests are conducted by specialists in neurology, psychiatry, or geriatric medicine to ensure an accurate diagnosis.

Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Treatment includes both medication and non-medication approaches. Medications help adjust neurotransmitters and brain chemicals to slow cognitive decline, allowing patients to remain more independent. Non-medication approaches, such as cognitive training, group activities, computer-based brain exercises, psychotherapy, and art therapy, help maintain cognitive functions.

Since 2021, the U.S. FDA approved a new class of drugs, anti-amyloid antibodies, which can slow disease progression by 27-35% compared to untreated patients. This medication, expected in Thailand around 2025-2026, may extend the quality of life for patients significantly.

Lifestyle Adjustments for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention

While there is no proven method to prevent Alzheimer's disease, lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, effective treatment of coexisting conditions, regular exercise, and systematic cognitive training may delay the onset of symptoms.

Early diagnosis, even before symptoms appear, is possible through specialized tests such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis or PET scans. Recently, blood tests for amyloid and tau proteins have become available as a less costly, convenient screening method, allowing timely treatment and future planning.

Recognizing Symptoms in the Elderly

If someone exhibits symptoms such as memory loss, difficulty with concentration and decision-making, disorientation, or changes in behavior and social abilities, they may be at risk for Alzheimer's disease.

If you suspect Alzheimer's or another form of dementia, consult a memory and dementia specialist. Early detection and prompt treatment can slow disease progression.


 

Source:
Phyathai 1 Hospital - Alzheimer’s Clinic,
ArokaGO - Phyathai 1 Hospital.
ArokaGO - Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms.