Thailand Warns of Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Fainting, Chest Pain and Palpitations May Be Warning Signs

Thailand's Department of Medical Services is urging the public not to ignore warning signs such as unexplained fainting, chest discomfort, severe heart palpitations and sudden shortness of breath. These symptoms may indicate serious underlying heart conditions that could lead to sudden cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death without timely medical attention.

Thailand's Department of Medical Services, through the Central Chest Institute of Thailand, has issued a public health warning about potentially life-threatening heart conditions that can affect even individuals who appear physically fit and healthy.

Dr. Weerawut Imsamran, Director-General of the Department of Medical Services, explained that sudden cardiac death can occur unexpectedly in people who have no previously recognized heart disease.

Although some individuals exercise regularly and maintain an active lifestyle, they may still have undiagnosed cardiovascular conditions.

Health authorities emphasize that recognizing warning signs and seeking prompt medical evaluation can be critical.

What Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Sudden Cardiac Death?

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) occurs when the heart unexpectedly stops pumping blood effectively, often because of a dangerous abnormal heart rhythm.

Without immediate treatment, blood circulation to the brain and other vital organs stops, potentially resulting in death within minutes.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) refers to an unexpected death caused by a cardiac condition, often occurring within a short period after symptoms begin.

Sudden cardiac arrest does not always result in death. Rapid cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early defibrillation can significantly improve the chances of survival.

Importantly, sudden cardiac arrest is not the same as a heart attack, although a heart attack can trigger cardiac arrest.

Why Can Sudden Cardiac Death Occur in Apparently Healthy People?

According to the Department of Medical Services, the underlying causes of sudden cardiac death often differ by age.

Adults Over 50: Coronary Artery Disease

Among older adults, coronary artery disease is a major cause of sudden cardiac death.

Fatty deposits can gradually accumulate inside the coronary arteries, restricting blood flow to the heart.

Some individuals may experience silent myocardial ischemia, meaning reduced blood supply to the heart without obvious symptoms.

A sudden rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque may cause a blood clot, leading to a heart attack and potentially triggering a dangerous heart rhythm.

Adults Under 50: Cardiomyopathy and Electrical Heart Disorders

In younger individuals, sudden cardiac death may be associated with underlying heart muscle disorders or inherited electrical abnormalities.

Examples include:

• Cardiomyopathy: Diseases affecting the structure or function of the heart muscle.

• Cardiac Channelopathies: Inherited disorders affecting the heart's electrical signaling, potentially causing dangerous arrhythmias.

These conditions may remain undetected until symptoms develop or a serious cardiac event occurs.

Four Warning Signs of Potentially Serious Heart Problems

Dr. Khet Sripratak, Director of the Central Chest Institute of Thailand, highlighted four important warning signs that should not be dismissed as ordinary fatigue, heat exhaustion or digestive discomfort.

1. Unexplained Fainting or Loss of Consciousness

Fainting during physical exertion, exercise or while lying down may indicate a potentially serious cardiac condition.

2. Chest Pain or Tightness

A sensation of pressure, heaviness or tightness in the chest may be associated with reduced blood flow to the heart.

Discomfort may spread to the jaw, back or arms.

3. Severe Heart Palpitations

A racing, irregular or unusually forceful heartbeat, particularly when accompanied by sweating, dizziness or faintness, requires prompt medical assessment.

4. Sudden Shortness of Breath

Unexpected breathing difficulty during normal daily activities may indicate an underlying cardiovascular problem.

Seek emergency medical assistance for severe or persistent chest discomfort, fainting, sudden breathing difficulty, or palpitations accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Do not wait for symptoms to disappear on their own.

What to Do If Someone Experiences Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Dr. Thasu Thianthamrongsuk, a cardiac electrophysiology specialist at the Central Chest Institute of Thailand, emphasized the importance of immediate action when someone suddenly collapses.

Severe abnormal heart rhythms, including ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), can cause cardiac arrest.

The recommended emergency response follows the Chain of Survival.

Step 1: Recognize Cardiac Arrest and Call for Help

If a person suddenly collapses, becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally or is only gasping, call emergency medical services immediately.

Thailand Emergency Medical Services: 1669

Ask someone nearby to locate an automated external defibrillator (AED), if available.

Step 2: Start CPR Immediately

Begin chest compressions in the center of the chest.

For an adult, push hard and fast at a rate of approximately 100–120 compressions per minute, allowing the chest to recoil fully between compressions.

Continue CPR until emergency responders arrive, an AED instructs you to pause, or the person shows signs of recovery.

Untrained bystanders can perform hands-only CPR.

Step 3: Use an AED as Soon as Possible

An automated external defibrillator (AED) can analyze the heart rhythm and deliver an electrical shock when appropriate.

Turn on the AED, attach the electrode pads and follow its voice instructions.

Early CPR and defibrillation within the first few minutes can greatly improve survival in shockable cardiac arrest.

The Department of Medical Services highlighted that defibrillation within approximately three to five minutes may be associated with survival rates as high as 50–70% in certain circumstances. Actual outcomes depend on several factors, including the initial heart rhythm and speed of emergency response.

How to Reduce the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death

The Department of Medical Services recommends regular cardiovascular risk assessment and appropriate preventive care.

Important measures include:

• Monitor blood pressure: Identify and manage hypertension.

• Control cholesterol levels: Reduce cardiovascular risk through appropriate lifestyle measures and medical treatment.

• Manage diabetes: Maintain blood glucose control according to medical advice.

• Avoid smoking: Reduce exposure to tobacco-related cardiovascular risks.

• Attend regular health assessments: Discuss individual cardiovascular risk factors with a healthcare professional.

• Review family medical history: Inform a doctor if close relatives experienced unexplained sudden death at a young age or have diagnosed inherited heart conditions.

• Seek evaluation for warning symptoms: Do not ignore unexplained fainting, chest discomfort, severe palpitations or unusual shortness of breath.

People with concerning symptoms or a family history of inherited cardiac disorders may require further evaluation by a cardiologist.

Depending on the clinical findings, investigations may include an electrocardiogram (ECG) and other appropriate cardiac tests.

Early Recognition and Emergency Response Can Save Lives

Thailand's Department of Medical Services emphasizes that appearing healthy does not necessarily mean a person is free from underlying heart disease.

Recognizing warning signs, seeking timely medical assessment, and knowing how to respond to cardiac emergencies can make a critical difference.

Sudden cardiac arrest is a medical emergency. Immediate CPR, early AED use and rapid access to emergency medical services are essential steps that can help save lives.

 

Source: Thailand Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, and Central Chest Institute of Thailand.