Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Hand, foot and mouth disease is a contagious viral infection caused by enteroviruses. It is commonly found in infants and young children, although older children and adults can also become infected.
The disease spreads through contact with:
๐ Nasal secretions
๐ Saliva
๐ Fluid from skin blisters
๐ Respiratory droplets
๐ Contaminated stool, objects, or surfaces
Common Symptoms
Symptoms may include:
๐ Fever
๐ Sore throat
๐ Painful mouth ulcers
๐ Reduced appetite
๐ Small fluid-filled blisters or rashes on the palms and soles
๐ Rashes or blisters on the buttocks, legs, arms, or other parts of the body
Because mouth ulcers may be painful, young children may refuse food, milk, or water and become dehydrated.
Prevention
Parents and caregivers can reduce the risk of infection by:
๐ Washing hands regularly with soap and water
๐ Cleaning toys and frequently touched surfaces
๐ Avoiding the sharing of cups, spoons, towels, and personal belongings
๐ Keeping children away from people who are unwell
๐ Teaching children to cover their mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
๐ Keeping an infected child at home until symptoms improve
EV71 Vaccine
A vaccine is available in some countries to help protect against Enterovirus 71, or EV71, which can cause severe hand, foot and mouth disease.
The vaccine may be suitable for children aged approximately six months to five years. A common schedule consists of two doses given one month apart.
However, the EV71 vaccine does not protect against every virus that can cause hand, foot and mouth disease. Good hygiene therefore remains important even after vaccination.
Children who have previously had the disease may still receive the vaccine after they have fully recovered, according to the doctor’s assessment.
Parents should consult a doctor before vaccination when the child:
๐ Has an underlying medical condition
๐ Takes regular medication
๐ Has a history of medication or vaccine allergy
๐ Is currently unwell or has a fever
When to Seek Medical Attention
Consult a doctor promptly if the child:
๐ Cannot drink or breastfeed
๐ Urinates less than usual
๐ Appears unusually drowsy or weak
๐ Has persistent vomiting
๐ Has breathing difficulties
๐ Experiences seizures or abnormal movements
๐ Has a high or persistent fever
Early assessment is particularly important in infants and young children because dehydration and neurological complications can develop rapidly in severe cases.
Reference :
Mukdahan International Hospital Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
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