Understanding HPV and How to Prevent It Properly

HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact and is a major cause of cervical cancer. In Thailand, cervical cancer is the fifth most common cancer among women, with more than 5,000 new cases each year and an average of six deaths per day.

HPV is particularly concerning because most infections do not show symptoms in the early stages, and certain strains can cause cellular changes that may eventually develop into cancer.

Over 90% of HPV Infections Are Linked to Sexual Activity

๐ More than 90% of HPV infections occur through sexual contact. The virus spreads through skin-to-skin contact in the genital area, often entering the body through microscopic skin abrasions that can occur easily during sexual activity.There is a common belief that HPV can be contracted from public restrooms or shared objects, but in reality, the risk from these sources is extremely low, as they rarely involve direct contact with areas where the virus enters the body.One of the main concerns is that HPV infection often produces no noticeable symptoms, meaning individuals may carry the virus without knowing it for years. This is why regular screening is essential to detect abnormalities early, before they develop into genital warts or cervical cancer.

HPV Infection or Abnormal Cells Do Not Mean Cancer

๐ Screening tests are designed to identify individuals at risk, not to diagnose cancer immediately.

๐ If an HPV test result is abnormal, it indicates that cellular changes may be present and require monitoring or further evaluation. A physician may recommend follow-up tests, repeat screening, or a colposcopy (a detailed examination of the cervix).In most cases, cancer is not found, and abnormal cells often return to normal once the body’s immune system clears the HPV infection.

Protect Yourself with the HPV Vaccine Earlier Is Better

๐ The HPV vaccine helps protect against the strains of the virus that cause cervical cancer and genital warts. The earlier the vaccine is given, the more effective it is.

๐ Ages 9-14: Recommended two doses, as the immune response is strongest and most individuals have not yet been exposed to HPV.

๐ Ages 15-46: Vaccination is still beneficial but typically requires three doses, and effectiveness may be slightly reduced if prior exposure has occurred.

Men can also receive the HPV vaccine, which helps reduce both infection risk and transmission.

The vaccine has a strong safety record, with minimal side effects. The most common reaction is mild soreness at the injection site.

However, even after vaccination, women should continue regular cervical cancer screening, as the vaccine does not treat existing infections and does not cover every HPV strain.

Healthy Habits to Reduce Your Risk

You can lower your risk of HPV infection by adopting healthy practices such as:

๐ Using condoms consistently during sexual activity

๐ Avoiding multiple sexual partners

๐ Reducing behaviors that weaken the immune system, such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption

๐ Maintaining overall good health to support the body’s ability to clear infections

Many people may feel worried or assume screening is unnecessary if they have no symptoms. In reality, HPV screening is simple and not as intimidating as many think. Regular screening plays an important role in protecting long-term health.

If HPV is detected early, doctors can monitor and manage the condition before it develops into genital warts or cervical cancer. When combined with vaccination, screening provides even greater protection against HPV-related diseases.

source : RPC Hospital

**Translated and compiled by ArokaGO Content Team